Optimization of Conventional and Green Vehicles Composition under Carbon Emission Cap

The CO2 emission of transportation is significantly reduced by the employment green vehicles to existing vehicle fleet organizations. This paper intends optimize composition conventional and for a logistics distribution problem operating under carbon cap imposed government. underlying involves product delivery starting from single depot geographically distributed customers. occurs within specified time windows. To solve proposed problem, we design hybrid metaheuristic solution based on ant colony optimization (ACO) variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithms. Extensive computational experiments have been performed newly generated instances benchmark adopted literature. ACO proven be superior state-of-the-art algorithms available in We obtain 21 new best-known solutions out 56 routing with windows (VRPTW). mixed model obtains best 6.90% amount emissions compared case when consists only.